“Exile” has connotations of banishment, expulsion, punishment. So, “exile.” It’s a perfectly good translation of the Latin word “profugus.” In this context, though, I wonder if it gives the wrong impression of what Aeneas has just gone through. (I.could also go on about where exactly in Virgil’s text did you get “a man at war” and anything identifying him as a captain, but this is not a Fitzgerald diss post.) Weirdly, Fitzgerald (1981) goes with “fugitive”, which makes me picture Aeneas in cartoon prisoner’s stripes sneaking out of Troy with a sack of loot slung over his shoulders instead of Anchises:īy blows from powers of the air - behind them being pius is about following but it's also about leading in the cruelest possible way I think guilt is so crucial here because aeneas is guilty of the horrible things that happen even if they were going to happen no matter what because he's made to enact fate rather than be an object to it & that's part of the tragedy of the whole thing.
when jupiter (via mercury) tells him to leave carthage he doesn't put him on a ship and set the winds for rome, he tells him that he'll be a terrible father & leader to his people if he doesn't, and then aeneas has to be the one to get on those ships to sail away himself. he's not allowed the luxury of relaxing into inevitability, he as a person has to do those things and make those choices and be changed and suffer for it.
is that it inherently involves both fate and personal action - aeneas is fated to found rome (in spirit not the actual city), and he will found rome whether he likes it or not, but it will always be his individual choices that get him there.
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the nuance I think a lot of discussion around free will in the aeneid misses.